The Function of Stomata in Plant
One of the characteristics possessed by living things is breathing. Humans breathe by inhaling oxygen from the air and then releasing carbon dioxide out. Inhaled oxygen will be used by the body's cells to perform various activities such as generating energy from the food we eat.
Plants are also living creatures and of course, they are also breathing. How to breathe humans with plants is much different because plants do not have breathing organs like the lungs.
Then, how do plants breathe?
In accordance with the title of this post, we will discuss stomata. This stoma is used by plants to breathe.
What are stomata?
Stomata are small openings or pores contained in the plant tissue that serves as a place of exit gas in plants (where gas exchange).
Stomata are generally found in the leaves of plants. However, stomata in some plants can also be found in the stem.
Around the stomata, there are guard cells that serve to open and close the pores of the stomata. Stomata will open when plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. When environmental conditions are hot and dry, the pores of the stomata will be covered by guard cells aimed at reducing water loss from evaporation.
It can be said that stomata are a small "mouth" that can be open and closed and serves to help the process of transpiration in plants.
Plants that live on land usually have thousands of stomata on the surface of the leaves. Generally, the stomata are located at the bottom of the leaf with the aim of reducing contact with excessive solar heat.
In aquatic plants, such as lotus, the stomata located on the leaf surface with the aim that the evaporation of water from within the plant takes place more quickly.
Structure of Stomata
Stomata is surrounded by two special types of cells that are very different from those of the epidermal leaf tissue where the stomata are located. These cells are called guard cells and child cells/accessories.
The guard cell has a large crescent-shaped shape. Two of them surround the pores/holes stomata that both ends of the cell are connected to each other.
The guard cells will dilate and contract to open and close the pores of the stomata. Inside protective cells, there are also chloroplasts, organelles that serve to capture the energy of light that plants need in photosynthesis.
Child cells or accessories cells are located around the guard cells. Its function is a buffer/barrier between guard cells with epidermal cells. Child cells also serve to inhibit the expansion of guard cells so as not to damage epidermal cells.
These accessory cells have varying shapes and sizes, depending on the position of the cells around the guard cells.
Types of Stomata
Stomata can be grouped into several types based on the number and characteristics of the surrounding child's cells.
Here are the different types of stomata in plants:
What are the Functions of Stomata in Plants?
The two main functions of stomata are to enable plants to take carbon dioxide gas out of the air and to limit large amounts of water loss during evaporation.
In most plants, the stomata will open during the day and close during the night. Stomata are open during the day because at that time the plants do the process of photosynthesis. Plants use carbon dioxide, water vapor and sunlight to produce glucose, water, and oxygen.
Glucose will be used by plants as a food source, while water vapor and oxygen will be released out through the open pores of the stomata.
At night, when the sunlight is not available, the stomata will close. This closure will prevent water from planting through the open stomata pores.
How is the Mechanism of Closing and Opening of Stomata in Plants?
Open and closed pores of stomata caused by several factors such as:
1. Light
2. Carbon dioxide levels in plants.
3. Changes in environmental conditions.
Humidity is one of the factors that cause stomata to open and close. When the high humidity environment, then stomata will open. Conversely, if low environmental humidity, for example, is caused by high environmental temperatures or windy conditions, then the plant will close its stomata to prevent excess water loss.
Under hot and dry conditions, the evaporation of water will be high. Therefore, the stomata must be closed to prevent plants from becoming dehydrated.
The guard cells will actively pump out the potassium ions (K +) from within their cells so that this potassium ion enters the cells next to it. As a result, the concentration of electrolyte in the guard cells will decrease.
This causes the water to move osmotically from a guard cell that has a low electrolyte concentration to another cell nearby that has a high electrolyte concentration.
The guard cells will eventually shrink and close the pores of the stomata.
If the environmental conditions change, then the above process occurs in reverse. You can make your own explanation instead!
Plants are also living creatures and of course, they are also breathing. How to breathe humans with plants is much different because plants do not have breathing organs like the lungs.
Then, how do plants breathe?
In accordance with the title of this post, we will discuss stomata. This stoma is used by plants to breathe.
What are stomata?
Stomata are small openings or pores contained in the plant tissue that serves as a place of exit gas in plants (where gas exchange).
Stomata are generally found in the leaves of plants. However, stomata in some plants can also be found in the stem.
Around the stomata, there are guard cells that serve to open and close the pores of the stomata. Stomata will open when plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. When environmental conditions are hot and dry, the pores of the stomata will be covered by guard cells aimed at reducing water loss from evaporation.
It can be said that stomata are a small "mouth" that can be open and closed and serves to help the process of transpiration in plants.
Plants that live on land usually have thousands of stomata on the surface of the leaves. Generally, the stomata are located at the bottom of the leaf with the aim of reducing contact with excessive solar heat.
In aquatic plants, such as lotus, the stomata located on the leaf surface with the aim that the evaporation of water from within the plant takes place more quickly.
Structure of Stomata
Stomata is surrounded by two special types of cells that are very different from those of the epidermal leaf tissue where the stomata are located. These cells are called guard cells and child cells/accessories.
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| Stomata in tomatoes leaf. source image: wikimediacommons.org |
The guard cells will dilate and contract to open and close the pores of the stomata. Inside protective cells, there are also chloroplasts, organelles that serve to capture the energy of light that plants need in photosynthesis.
Child cells or accessories cells are located around the guard cells. Its function is a buffer/barrier between guard cells with epidermal cells. Child cells also serve to inhibit the expansion of guard cells so as not to damage epidermal cells.
These accessory cells have varying shapes and sizes, depending on the position of the cells around the guard cells.
Types of Stomata
Stomata can be grouped into several types based on the number and characteristics of the surrounding child's cells.
Here are the different types of stomata in plants:
- Anomocytic Stomata: the accessory cells have irregular shapes, similar to epidermal cells. Each seedling cell is located around the pores of the stomata.
- Anisocytic stomata: has 3 pieces of accessory cells that surround the pores of the stomata. Two of the cells are larger than the others.
- Diacytic stomata: has two pieces of accessory cells that surround the stomata and its location perpendicular to the pores of stomata.
- Parasitic Stomata: has two accessory cells arranged in parallel to the guard cells and pores of the stomata.
- Stomata gramineous: This stoma watch cell has a narrow shape in the middle and width at the end. The location of the child's cells is parallel to the guard cells.
What are the Functions of Stomata in Plants?
The two main functions of stomata are to enable plants to take carbon dioxide gas out of the air and to limit large amounts of water loss during evaporation.
In most plants, the stomata will open during the day and close during the night. Stomata are open during the day because at that time the plants do the process of photosynthesis. Plants use carbon dioxide, water vapor and sunlight to produce glucose, water, and oxygen.
Glucose will be used by plants as a food source, while water vapor and oxygen will be released out through the open pores of the stomata.
At night, when the sunlight is not available, the stomata will close. This closure will prevent water from planting through the open stomata pores.
How is the Mechanism of Closing and Opening of Stomata in Plants?
Open and closed pores of stomata caused by several factors such as:
1. Light
2. Carbon dioxide levels in plants.
3. Changes in environmental conditions.
Humidity is one of the factors that cause stomata to open and close. When the high humidity environment, then stomata will open. Conversely, if low environmental humidity, for example, is caused by high environmental temperatures or windy conditions, then the plant will close its stomata to prevent excess water loss.
Under hot and dry conditions, the evaporation of water will be high. Therefore, the stomata must be closed to prevent plants from becoming dehydrated.
The guard cells will actively pump out the potassium ions (K +) from within their cells so that this potassium ion enters the cells next to it. As a result, the concentration of electrolyte in the guard cells will decrease.
This causes the water to move osmotically from a guard cell that has a low electrolyte concentration to another cell nearby that has a high electrolyte concentration.
The guard cells will eventually shrink and close the pores of the stomata.
If the environmental conditions change, then the above process occurs in reverse. You can make your own explanation instead!
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