Motion On Plants
Motion in plants is divided into three kinds, that is:
1. Motion in plants that occur spontaneously or do not require external stimuli. The cause of this movement is unknown. Presumably, the stimulation of this movement comes from within the plant itself.
Example:
2. Hygroscopic motion
Hygroscopic motion is the motion in certain parts of the plant body caused by the influence of changes in moisture content in the cell. This movement causes the body parts of the plant to wrinkle unevenly.
Example:
- Raise the seed shell of legumes when it is dry.
- Open the sporangium wall (spore box) on the nail plant.
- Stretching and rolling of peristome teeth in algae.
3. Motion in plants caused by the stimulation from the outside (stimulation of the environment where the plant is alive). In this article, I only give you an explanation of tropism motion. The other type of this motion will be explained in the other article.
Tropism motion
The motion in plants can be observed through several symptoms, one of which is the direction of plant growth. The direction of plant growth can change due to environmental influences such as sunlight, water or touch.
The motion of plants whose direction of motion is influenced by the direction of the arrival of stimuli is called tropism motion. If the direction of plant motion approaches the source of stimulation, then this movement is called positive tropism motion. Meanwhile, if the direction of plant motion away from the sources of stimulation, this movement is called negative tropism motion. Based on the type of stimulus, tropism motion can be divided into 5 kinds, that is:
1) Geotropism
Geotropism is a motion in plants that are affected by gravitation force. For example, the roots of plants always grow toward the center of the earth. Whereas, the stems of plants always grow away from the center of the earth. This root and stem growth movement is influenced by the gravitational force of the earth. Therefore, geotropism motion is also referred to as gravitropism motion.
2) Hydrotropism
Plant roots are organs that serve to absorb water. Therefore, the roots of plants always grow toward the water source. The motion in the roots of plants affected by water as a source of stimulation is called hydrotropism.
3) Thigmotropism
Have you ever seen how stems of peas or cucumbers grow? Peas and cucumbers have small stems so they live on the ground. When this plant stems touch the support such as wood or other plants, they will twist them. Peas and cucumbers also have a tendril that serves to twist the hammer so it can propagate stronger. The motion in plants affected by touch (as a stimulus) is called thigmotropism.
The stems of peas or cucumber will twist on the support or other plants when there is a touch between the stem and the support.
4) Phototropism
Phototropism is a motion in plants that are affected by light as a source of stimulation. Most plants will grow closer to the light source so they can grow and develop well.
When we put the green bean sprouts in the dark room, the stem will grow longer in an effort to find the source of light. In addition, the tip of the sunflower stem also grows in the direction of light. The movement of the plant that is growing towards the source of light is called positive phototropism.
5) Chemotropism
Pollination is the event of pollen fall to the pistil's head. Furthermore, the pollen will germinate in the pistil and form a powdered reed which serves to bring the male gametes (spermatozoid) to the female gamete.
The motion of reed pollen to the female gametes is influenced by the sugar substances released by the fruit. Sugar is a chemical that stimulates the movement of reed pollen. This motion is called chemotropism.
1. Motion in plants that occur spontaneously or do not require external stimuli. The cause of this movement is unknown. Presumably, the stimulation of this movement comes from within the plant itself.
Example:
- Leaf growth motion
- Movement of cytoplasmic rotation on Hydrilla verticillata leaf cells. This cytoplasmic rotational motion is also called cyclosis.
2. Hygroscopic motion
Hygroscopic motion is the motion in certain parts of the plant body caused by the influence of changes in moisture content in the cell. This movement causes the body parts of the plant to wrinkle unevenly.
Example:
- Raise the seed shell of legumes when it is dry.
- Open the sporangium wall (spore box) on the nail plant.
- Stretching and rolling of peristome teeth in algae.
3. Motion in plants caused by the stimulation from the outside (stimulation of the environment where the plant is alive). In this article, I only give you an explanation of tropism motion. The other type of this motion will be explained in the other article.
Tropism motion
The motion in plants can be observed through several symptoms, one of which is the direction of plant growth. The direction of plant growth can change due to environmental influences such as sunlight, water or touch.
The motion of plants whose direction of motion is influenced by the direction of the arrival of stimuli is called tropism motion. If the direction of plant motion approaches the source of stimulation, then this movement is called positive tropism motion. Meanwhile, if the direction of plant motion away from the sources of stimulation, this movement is called negative tropism motion. Based on the type of stimulus, tropism motion can be divided into 5 kinds, that is:
1) Geotropism
Geotropism is a motion in plants that are affected by gravitation force. For example, the roots of plants always grow toward the center of the earth. Whereas, the stems of plants always grow away from the center of the earth. This root and stem growth movement is influenced by the gravitational force of the earth. Therefore, geotropism motion is also referred to as gravitropism motion.
2) Hydrotropism
Plant roots are organs that serve to absorb water. Therefore, the roots of plants always grow toward the water source. The motion in the roots of plants affected by water as a source of stimulation is called hydrotropism.
3) Thigmotropism
Have you ever seen how stems of peas or cucumbers grow? Peas and cucumbers have small stems so they live on the ground. When this plant stems touch the support such as wood or other plants, they will twist them. Peas and cucumbers also have a tendril that serves to twist the hammer so it can propagate stronger. The motion in plants affected by touch (as a stimulus) is called thigmotropism.
4) Phototropism
Phototropism is a motion in plants that are affected by light as a source of stimulation. Most plants will grow closer to the light source so they can grow and develop well.
When we put the green bean sprouts in the dark room, the stem will grow longer in an effort to find the source of light. In addition, the tip of the sunflower stem also grows in the direction of light. The movement of the plant that is growing towards the source of light is called positive phototropism.
5) Chemotropism
Pollination is the event of pollen fall to the pistil's head. Furthermore, the pollen will germinate in the pistil and form a powdered reed which serves to bring the male gametes (spermatozoid) to the female gamete.
The motion of reed pollen to the female gametes is influenced by the sugar substances released by the fruit. Sugar is a chemical that stimulates the movement of reed pollen. This motion is called chemotropism.
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