Structure and Function of Plant Root Tissue
Roots are plant organs that are mostly in the soil. Roots in plants serve as an anchor, protecting plants from wind blows or water currents. Therefore, the roots are the supporting organs that protect the other parts of the plant.
Can you differentiate roots with stems?
Roots have different structures with stems. The stem of the plant has a segment and a knuckle, whereas the root has no segment and knuckle. In the stem, the knuckle is a place of attachment of leaves and shoots while the segment is part of the rod is limited by two knuckles.
Roots have the function of tethering the plant's body to its growth site (like soil), absorbing water and mineral salts dissolved in the soil, and helping to straighten the stems. In some plants, roots also serve to store food reserves such as carbohydrates or sugary substances.
What is the tissue structure that makes up the roots of plants? You can see the transverse sections of the root organs below!
Information:
1. Epidermis
2. The cortex
3. Endodermis
4. Perisikel
5. Xylem
6. Parenchyma
7. Primary Xylem
8. Secondary Xylem
9. Cambium
10. Phloem
11. Secondary Phloem
The outer root tissue is the epidermis. Epidermal cells are arranged together with each other so as to have no intercellular space. Cell walls are thin so easily penetrated by water. The epidermis can be modified into a root feather that serves to expand the water absorption area.
Right next to the epidermis is a cortex containing parenchymal tissues. The parenchymal tissue consists of layers of thin-walled cells. The cell structure is not tight so there is plenty of intercellular space that serves as a gas exchange place.
The cortex also serves as a reservoir of food in some plants.
The deepest layer of the cortex is called endodermis. Endodermis is composed of a layer of cells that become a barrier between the cortex and the central cylinder. In the endodermis found a structure called Kaspari ribbon that serves as a regulator of the path of the solution is absorbed by the roots to the central cylinder.
Central cylinder (stele) is the center of the root. The stele is composed of a network of transport vessels and other supporting tissues such as the pericidal and parenchyma pith.
The pericidal cells act to form a root branch. Transport vessel beams consist of xylem and phloem. Xylem or wooden vessels serve to transport water from the roots to the leaves. Phloem or filter vessel serves to transport photosynthesis results from the leaves to all parts of the plant.
Phloem is located alternately with xylem. This type of carrier file is called radial. Xylem will form a star-shaped structure that has many arms. At the root of the monocots, the xylem forms a star structure with a total of more than twelve arms. While in dicot plants, the star structure formed by the xylem has only 2-3 arms.
The deepest tissue at the root is the pith parenchyma. At the roots of dicot plants, the parenchymal tissue of pith only grows little or none at all. While in the monocot plant, the tissue of pith parenchyma develops well.
Monocots such as rice, corn, and grass have fiber roots. The root structure is usually thin and spreads in all directions. In contrast, dicot plants have taproot roots deep into the soil. Therefore, dicot plants such as mango are much more robust and stronger than monocots.
Roots in some plants not only serve to strengthen plants and absorb water and mineral salts only. but the roots are also modified so that it has certain functions.
Example:
In carrots and radishes, roots serve to store food reserves.
Can you differentiate roots with stems?
Roots have different structures with stems. The stem of the plant has a segment and a knuckle, whereas the root has no segment and knuckle. In the stem, the knuckle is a place of attachment of leaves and shoots while the segment is part of the rod is limited by two knuckles.
Roots have the function of tethering the plant's body to its growth site (like soil), absorbing water and mineral salts dissolved in the soil, and helping to straighten the stems. In some plants, roots also serve to store food reserves such as carbohydrates or sugary substances.
What is the tissue structure that makes up the roots of plants? You can see the transverse sections of the root organs below!
Information:
1. Epidermis
2. The cortex
3. Endodermis
4. Perisikel
5. Xylem
6. Parenchyma
7. Primary Xylem
8. Secondary Xylem
9. Cambium
10. Phloem
11. Secondary Phloem
The outer root tissue is the epidermis. Epidermal cells are arranged together with each other so as to have no intercellular space. Cell walls are thin so easily penetrated by water. The epidermis can be modified into a root feather that serves to expand the water absorption area.
Right next to the epidermis is a cortex containing parenchymal tissues. The parenchymal tissue consists of layers of thin-walled cells. The cell structure is not tight so there is plenty of intercellular space that serves as a gas exchange place.
The cortex also serves as a reservoir of food in some plants.
The deepest layer of the cortex is called endodermis. Endodermis is composed of a layer of cells that become a barrier between the cortex and the central cylinder. In the endodermis found a structure called Kaspari ribbon that serves as a regulator of the path of the solution is absorbed by the roots to the central cylinder.
Central cylinder (stele) is the center of the root. The stele is composed of a network of transport vessels and other supporting tissues such as the pericidal and parenchyma pith.
The pericidal cells act to form a root branch. Transport vessel beams consist of xylem and phloem. Xylem or wooden vessels serve to transport water from the roots to the leaves. Phloem or filter vessel serves to transport photosynthesis results from the leaves to all parts of the plant.
Phloem is located alternately with xylem. This type of carrier file is called radial. Xylem will form a star-shaped structure that has many arms. At the root of the monocots, the xylem forms a star structure with a total of more than twelve arms. While in dicot plants, the star structure formed by the xylem has only 2-3 arms.
The deepest tissue at the root is the pith parenchyma. At the roots of dicot plants, the parenchymal tissue of pith only grows little or none at all. While in the monocot plant, the tissue of pith parenchyma develops well.
Monocots such as rice, corn, and grass have fiber roots. The root structure is usually thin and spreads in all directions. In contrast, dicot plants have taproot roots deep into the soil. Therefore, dicot plants such as mango are much more robust and stronger than monocots.
Example:
In carrots and radishes, roots serve to store food reserves.
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