Muscles: Active Motion Tools
Muscles are composed of cells that can contract and relax. When contracting, the muscles will shorten, contract and harden. Meanwhile, when the muscle relaxes the muscles will elongate and return to its original size.
Muscles in the human body consist of several types. This type of muscle is based on its structure and function.
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle has the following characteristics:
1. The smooth muscle cells are shaped, elongated and have a pointed tip.
2. The smooth muscle cells have one cell nucleus and are located in the middle.
3. The smooth muscle cells do not have transverse lines.
4. The smooth muscle works out of the human will (involuntary)
5. The speed of contraction is slow
6. Smooth muscle can contract for a long time and not easily tired.
Smooth muscle is found on the walls of the organ in the body such as the walls of the respiratory tract, digestive tract, reproductive tract, blood vessels and lymph.
Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle has the following characteristics:
1. The cardiac muscle cells are elongated, cylindrical and have branched cellular fibers.
2. Cardiac muscle cells have many cell nuclei and are located in the middle.
3. In the cardiac muscle cells, there are transverse lines.
4. Have an intercellar disc (the enclosure of two dark-looking cells when viewed with a microscope).
5. Working involuntary (out of human will)
6. Cells contract strongly and rhythmically.
7. Between heart muscle fibers there is a branch called sinsitium.
8. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart wall.
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle has the following characteristics:
1. The skeletal muscle cells are elongated, cylindrical and have a dull end.
2. The skeletal muscle cells have many cell nuclei and are located at the edge.
3. Skeletal muscle cells have transverse lines
4. This muscle works in accordance with the will of man (voluntary).
5. Skeletal muscle can contract quickly but easily tired.
6. In the body, skeletal muscle attached to the bone.
How Skeletal Muscles Work
Skeletal muscle attached to the bone. The center of the muscle is called the abdominal muscle. The connective tissue that is at the end of the muscle and attached to the wind is called the tendon.
There are two types of muscle tendons: insertion and origo. Insertion is a tendon attached to a movable bone. Meanwhile, the origo is a tendon attached to the bone that can not be moved.
As the skeletal muscles contract, the muscles will shorten, harden and the center swell. Muscle contractions can move the bone where the muscle is attached. If only one muscle contracts, the resulting motion is one direction.
Therefore, in order for the bone to move in many directions, it takes more than one muscle contraction. Based on how it works, the muscles are divided into two kinds of synergistic muscles and antagonist's muscles.
Synergistic muscle
Synergistic muscles are the muscles that work together to produce movement in the bones. That is, the muscles will contract or relax simultaneously. Synergistic muscle is present in the following organs:
Antagonists Muscle
The antagonist's muscles are the muscles that work against each other. That is if one muscle contracts then the other muscles relax. An antagonist's muscle is present in the biceps and triceps.
The bicep muscle is a muscle that has two tendon ends located at the top of the upper arm. Meanwhile, the triceps muscle is a muscle that has three tendon ends and is located at the bottom of the upper arm.
Biceps and triceps can produce two movements.
Muscles in the human body consist of several types. This type of muscle is based on its structure and function.
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle has the following characteristics:
1. The smooth muscle cells are shaped, elongated and have a pointed tip.
2. The smooth muscle cells have one cell nucleus and are located in the middle.
3. The smooth muscle cells do not have transverse lines.
4. The smooth muscle works out of the human will (involuntary)
5. The speed of contraction is slow
6. Smooth muscle can contract for a long time and not easily tired.
Smooth muscle is found on the walls of the organ in the body such as the walls of the respiratory tract, digestive tract, reproductive tract, blood vessels and lymph.
Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle has the following characteristics:
1. The cardiac muscle cells are elongated, cylindrical and have branched cellular fibers.
2. Cardiac muscle cells have many cell nuclei and are located in the middle.
3. In the cardiac muscle cells, there are transverse lines.
4. Have an intercellar disc (the enclosure of two dark-looking cells when viewed with a microscope).
5. Working involuntary (out of human will)
6. Cells contract strongly and rhythmically.
7. Between heart muscle fibers there is a branch called sinsitium.
8. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart wall.
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle has the following characteristics:
1. The skeletal muscle cells are elongated, cylindrical and have a dull end.
2. The skeletal muscle cells have many cell nuclei and are located at the edge.
3. Skeletal muscle cells have transverse lines
4. This muscle works in accordance with the will of man (voluntary).
5. Skeletal muscle can contract quickly but easily tired.
6. In the body, skeletal muscle attached to the bone.
How Skeletal Muscles Work
Skeletal muscle attached to the bone. The center of the muscle is called the abdominal muscle. The connective tissue that is at the end of the muscle and attached to the wind is called the tendon.
There are two types of muscle tendons: insertion and origo. Insertion is a tendon attached to a movable bone. Meanwhile, the origo is a tendon attached to the bone that can not be moved.
As the skeletal muscles contract, the muscles will shorten, harden and the center swell. Muscle contractions can move the bone where the muscle is attached. If only one muscle contracts, the resulting motion is one direction.
Therefore, in order for the bone to move in many directions, it takes more than one muscle contraction. Based on how it works, the muscles are divided into two kinds of synergistic muscles and antagonist's muscles.
Synergistic muscle
Synergistic muscles are the muscles that work together to produce movement in the bones. That is, the muscles will contract or relax simultaneously. Synergistic muscle is present in the following organs:
- The muscles between the ribs that work together when we breathe.
- Pronator muscles that give rise to pronation movements such as invert the palms of the hands and when the cubes and limbs are parallel.
- Supinator muscles that give rise to supination movements such as stretching the palms of the hands and when the cubes and limbs are crossed.
Antagonists Muscle
The antagonist's muscles are the muscles that work against each other. That is if one muscle contracts then the other muscles relax. An antagonist's muscle is present in the biceps and triceps.
The bicep muscle is a muscle that has two tendon ends located at the top of the upper arm. Meanwhile, the triceps muscle is a muscle that has three tendon ends and is located at the bottom of the upper arm.
Biceps and triceps can produce two movements.
- Flexible motion is the movement of the forearm lift. This movement occurs when the biceps muscles contract while the triceps muscle relax.
- Extension movement is the movement lowered the forearm. This movement occurs when the biceps relax as the tricep muscles contract.
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