General Characterics of Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled creatures that are very small (microscopic). Bacteria have a variety of shapes and sizes. There is a rod, spiral or ball. Bacterial body shape is often used as a basis for grouping bacteria.
Bacteria are the oldest living organism on earth. Estimated, bacteria have been around since 3.5 - 3.8 billion years ago. Bacteria are older about 2 billion years old compared to the first eukaryotic organisms.
Bacteria are the most abundant organisms on earth. They can be found almost anywhere in the hemisphere (land, water, and air). In fact, bacteria can live in extreme environments that are not possible for eukaryotic organisms to live.
Bacteria is the only prokaryotic organism.
Bacteria have a very important role both in producing and recycling essential compounds needed by other organisms.
Bacteria are the only living things that can bind free nitrogen in the air directly. Nitrogen is a compound that determines soil fertility.
Now, there are about 5,000 different types of bacteria that have been identified and studied by scientists. But it is estimated there are thousands of other types of bacteria that have not been classified.
Bacteria do not contain chlorophyll, so can not make food themselves. Therefore, they depend on the organic matter contained in the body of another living organism that has died.
In the inside of the cell wall, there is a plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Because bacteria do not have cell nuclear membranes, nucleotide-containing granules of DNA will be in certain parts of the cytoplasm. Bacterial cells have no plastics and dyes.
Spiral-shaped bacteria usually do not form colonies. This is because the size of this bacterial cell is larger than the bacteria bacillus and coccus.
In the outer cell wall of bacteria, there is also pilus (fimbria). Pilus is a filament that is smaller, more numerous and shorter than flagella. Pilus is not used as a motion device. Its main function is as the entrance gate of genetic material during the process of conjunction with other bacteria.
Another function of the pilus is to help bacteria attach themselves to the tissues of animals or plants as a source of food.
Bacteria are the oldest living organism on earth. Estimated, bacteria have been around since 3.5 - 3.8 billion years ago. Bacteria are older about 2 billion years old compared to the first eukaryotic organisms.
Bacteria are the most abundant organisms on earth. They can be found almost anywhere in the hemisphere (land, water, and air). In fact, bacteria can live in extreme environments that are not possible for eukaryotic organisms to live.
Bacteria is the only prokaryotic organism.
Bacteria have a very important role both in producing and recycling essential compounds needed by other organisms.
Bacteria are the only living things that can bind free nitrogen in the air directly. Nitrogen is a compound that determines soil fertility.
Now, there are about 5,000 different types of bacteria that have been identified and studied by scientists. But it is estimated there are thousands of other types of bacteria that have not been classified.
Bacteria do not contain chlorophyll, so can not make food themselves. Therefore, they depend on the organic matter contained in the body of another living organism that has died.
There are two major groups of bacteria namely Archaebacteria and eubacteria. Archaebacteria is a primitive bacteria that only live in extreme environments. These bacteria are thought to be the "ancestors" of bacteria that exist today. They have been living since the beginning of the formation of the earth which at that time had extreme environmental conditions.
Bacterial cell walls are composed of hemicellulose and pectin compounds. The bacterial cell wall is also coated with a gelatinous membrane that makes it feel slimy. The layer of gelatin outside bacterial cell wall serves as a protector and as a place to store food reserves. In pathogenic bacteria, the gelatin layer serves to increase the ability of bacteria to infect the host.
In the inside of the cell wall, there is a plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Because bacteria do not have cell nuclear membranes, nucleotide-containing granules of DNA will be in certain parts of the cytoplasm. Bacterial cells have no plastics and dyes.
Bacillus bacteria (stem) and coccus (sphere) bacteria will usually form a certain amount of colonies. Bacillus bacteria usually form long-chain colonies. While the coccus bacteria colonies are usually spherical, grapes and so on.
Spiral-shaped bacteria usually do not form colonies. This is because the size of this bacterial cell is larger than the bacteria bacillus and coccus.
Bacterial cytoplasm contains many small vacuoles containing dietary reserves such as glycogen, amylose, fat, and vulotin.
Generally, bacteria move passively. Some types of bacteria can move actively, especially in the liquid medium. This is because they have a motion device called flagella.
The number of flagella in each bacterium is different. Bacteria that have one flagellum at one end of the body are called monotrichous bacteria. Bacteria with two flagella located at each end of the body are called subpolar bacteria. Lophotric bacteria are bacteria that have several flagella (more than one) at one end of the body. Meanwhile, peritrichous bacteria are bacteria whose flagella is spread throughout the body.
In the outer cell wall of bacteria, there is also pilus (fimbria). Pilus is a filament that is smaller, more numerous and shorter than flagella. Pilus is not used as a motion device. Its main function is as the entrance gate of genetic material during the process of conjunction with other bacteria.
Another function of the pilus is to help bacteria attach themselves to the tissues of animals or plants as a source of food.
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