Light Microscope
What do you know about microscope? Have you observed the microorganisms using the microscope? What is actually the microscope? From this article, you will learn about definition, component and how to use the microscope to observe the tiny biological object.
Definition of Microscope
A microscope is an optical tool that composed of some magnifying lens that used to see the very small things. In biology, we usually used the microscope to see the bacteria cell, human or plant cell and also the tissue of plant an human. The light microscope using the sunlight as a source of light to help us to see more clearly the object that we observe.
Microscope Component
The microscope consists of several parts that have their own function. To know more about the parts of the microscope and its function, see the explanation below!
Microscope consists of:
1. Objective lens
The objective lens is a lens located near the object that we want to see. The magnification of the objective lens is about 10 times, 40 times and 60 times. This magnification of the objective lens also depends on the type of the microscope.
2. Revolver.
Revolver is used to rotate the objective lens until the position of the lens is appropriate with the object that we observe. The object will become more clear to see.
3. Ocular Lens
Ocular lens is a lens located near the eye of the observer. This lens has a function to magnifying the shadow of the object that produced by the objective lens. This lens has a magnification between 5 times, 10 times and 12,5 time. This magnification also depends on the type of the microscope.
4. Tube
The tube is a part of the microscope that connecting between the ocular lens and objective lens.
5. Mirror
The mirror located exactly under the object that we observe. This mirror is using to collect and focusing the sunlight as a source lighting to clarify the sightings of the object.
6. Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a part of the microscope that used to regulate how much the light will be hit the object. The diaphragm can be closed or opened.
7. The condenser is the part of the microscope that serves to focus light on the preparations we observe.
8. The base or foot that resembles a horseshoe.
9. Poles or buffers that connect the base and handle of the microscope.
10 The microscope arm that has a function as handgrip of the microscope.
11. The object table that serves as a place to put the preparations to be observed with a microscope. The center of the table is hollow as a hole for the inclusion of light from the condenser.
12. The clamp serves as a glass clamp containing the preparations to avoid shifting.
13. Macrometer or ruddy control button functions to move the lens up and down quickly.
14. The micrometer or the fine adjusting button functions to move the lens up and down slowly.
How to Use a Light Microscope to Observe Microorganisms
Step 1
Hold the arm of the microscope with one hand and the other hand supporting the foot of the microscope. Place the microscope on the observation table with the arm just in front of you. Then, clean the lens and mirror using tissue paper. After cleaning, pair the ocular lens with weak magnification.
Step 2
In order to obtain a good field of vision, turn the revolver so that obtained the smallest magnification on the objective lens in the direction of the ocular lens and ocular tubes.
Step 3
Turn the microscope mirror toward the light source while looking through the ocular lens to obtain a bright field with no other object shadow.
Step 4
Put the preparations you will observe on the table of objects, then clip it with the clamp so that the light accumulated in the condenser penetrates the glass of the object.
Step 5
To seek focus, do it in the following two ways.
Definition of Microscope
A microscope is an optical tool that composed of some magnifying lens that used to see the very small things. In biology, we usually used the microscope to see the bacteria cell, human or plant cell and also the tissue of plant an human. The light microscope using the sunlight as a source of light to help us to see more clearly the object that we observe.
Microscope Component
The microscope consists of several parts that have their own function. To know more about the parts of the microscope and its function, see the explanation below!
1. Objective lens
The objective lens is a lens located near the object that we want to see. The magnification of the objective lens is about 10 times, 40 times and 60 times. This magnification of the objective lens also depends on the type of the microscope.
2. Revolver.
Revolver is used to rotate the objective lens until the position of the lens is appropriate with the object that we observe. The object will become more clear to see.
3. Ocular Lens
Ocular lens is a lens located near the eye of the observer. This lens has a function to magnifying the shadow of the object that produced by the objective lens. This lens has a magnification between 5 times, 10 times and 12,5 time. This magnification also depends on the type of the microscope.
4. Tube
The tube is a part of the microscope that connecting between the ocular lens and objective lens.
5. Mirror
The mirror located exactly under the object that we observe. This mirror is using to collect and focusing the sunlight as a source lighting to clarify the sightings of the object.
6. Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a part of the microscope that used to regulate how much the light will be hit the object. The diaphragm can be closed or opened.
7. The condenser is the part of the microscope that serves to focus light on the preparations we observe.
8. The base or foot that resembles a horseshoe.
9. Poles or buffers that connect the base and handle of the microscope.
10 The microscope arm that has a function as handgrip of the microscope.
11. The object table that serves as a place to put the preparations to be observed with a microscope. The center of the table is hollow as a hole for the inclusion of light from the condenser.
12. The clamp serves as a glass clamp containing the preparations to avoid shifting.
13. Macrometer or ruddy control button functions to move the lens up and down quickly.
14. The micrometer or the fine adjusting button functions to move the lens up and down slowly.
How to Use a Light Microscope to Observe Microorganisms
Step 1
Hold the arm of the microscope with one hand and the other hand supporting the foot of the microscope. Place the microscope on the observation table with the arm just in front of you. Then, clean the lens and mirror using tissue paper. After cleaning, pair the ocular lens with weak magnification.
Step 2
In order to obtain a good field of vision, turn the revolver so that obtained the smallest magnification on the objective lens in the direction of the ocular lens and ocular tubes.
Step 3
Turn the microscope mirror toward the light source while looking through the ocular lens to obtain a bright field with no other object shadow.
Step 4
Put the preparations you will observe on the table of objects, then clip it with the clamp so that the light accumulated in the condenser penetrates the glass of the object.
Step 5
To seek focus, do it in the following two ways.
- The weak magnification. The ocular lens with magnification 5 times and the objective lens with 10 times magnification can mean that the preparations are observed with magnification 50 times. By lowering the ocular lens as low as possible, the objective lens is also lowered to a distance of approximately 8 mm from the preparatory glass. After that, point one of your eyes to the hole of the ocular lens while twirling the macrometer up to obtained a clear picture preparations.
- Powerful magnification. The ocular lens with 12.5 magnification and the objective lens with the magnification of 60 times so that the preparation can be observed with magnification 750 times. Begin by closing the prep with the cover glass, then raise the condenser until it touches the glass of the preparation (object), then open the diaphragm wide and lower the objective lens until it reaches the cover glass. After that, with a micrometer, raise the objective lens until a clear picture of the preparation is obtained.
Step 6
Clean the microscope after using it and save in their place.
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